Effect of foliar application of urea on chemical composition of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dashehari
Hemant Kumar Panigrahi , Prabhakar Singh, Nasir Hamid Masoodi and Deepti Patel
Department of Horticulture
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.)
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of foliar application of urea on chemical composition of mango cv. Dashehari. The maximum total soluble solids, ascorbic acid and reducing sugar were observed under application of 4 per cent foliar spray of urea. However, acidity content of fruit was recorded minimum under the same treatment.
Keywords : Foliar application; Mango
Introduction :
Mango is one of the oldest and choicest fruit of India referred as “King of Fruits” for its high quality, platability, tempting aroma and flavour. Foliar feeding of plant is a fast and efficient means of fertilizing the plant since nutrients are applied directly to the site of their metabolism. Immediate correction of severe deficiencies is possible through foliar application of nutrients. The fertilizers are becoming costly input day by day. Use of foliar fertilizer is more economical because of foliar sprays are not subjected to losses as compare to soil application. It reduces the cost of production and provided manifold advantages. Hence, it is felt necessary to study the efficient use of this input. This can be achieved by adopting efficient use of foliar application method.
Keeping this in view the present study was taken up to the enhancing chemical composition to mango through foliar feeding of urea.
Materials and Methods
The present investigation to study the effect of foliar application of urea on chemical composition of mango cv. Dashehari was carried out on ten-year-old mango trees. A field experiment was carried out at Horticulture Research Farm, IGKV, Raipur during 2005-2006. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications each comprising of seven treatments such as T0 : Without application of urea (control); T1 : 1% foliar application of urea; T2 : 2% foliar application of urea; T3 : 3% foliar application of urea; T4 : 4% foliar application of urea; T5 : 5% foliar application of urea and T6 : 6% foliar application of urea.
The required amount of urea was thoroughly dissolved in required amount of water and soap powder was added as a spreader and sticker. Urea in different concentrations were sprayed at pea stage, when maximum fruit diameter was 0.5-1.0 cm. In all the treatments, solutions were sprayed on panicle/ fruit and foliage of tree.
The observations were recorded on chemical characters of fruit like total soluble solids, acidity, ascorbic acid and reducing sugar.
Table : Effect of foliar application of urea on chemical composition of mango cv. Dashehari
Treatment
Total soluble solids (%)
Acidity (%)
Ascorbic acid (mg/100 g)
Reducing sugar (%)
T0
*29.32a
*3.66d
44.44
*15.47a
(23.99)
(0.41)
(7.12)
T1
20.13ab
3.62cd
46.33
15.60b
(25.20)
(0.40)
(7.24)
T2
30.32bc
3.43ab
49.77
15.89c
(25.49)
(0.36)
(7.50)
T3
30.81bcd
3.57bcd
55.55
16.21d
(26.26)
(0.39)
(7.79)
T4
131.19d
3.39a
57.63
16.89f
(26.84)
(0.35)
(8.45)
T5
30.98cd
3.43ab
57.22
16.53e
(26.50)
(0.36)
(8.09)
T6
29.44a
3.48abc
46.16
15.55ab
(24.18)
(0.37)
(7.19)
SEm±
0.26
0.05
0.34
0.02
CD (5%)
0.82
0.16
1.07
0.08
1. The symbol ‘*’ indicates the mean arcsine transformed values
2. Figures in parenthesis () are inverse-transformed values in per cent unit, corresponding to the mean arcsine transformed values.
3. The superscript letter indicates that the treatment means with same letters are at par at 5% level of significance, while the mean with different letters are significantly different at 5% level. These letters have been affixed based on CD-value comparison of treatment means.
Results and Discussion
The chemical analysis of mango fruit in respect of total soluble solids, titrable acidity, ascorbic acid and reducing sugar are influenced by various treatments. The data regarding chemical composition of mango are presented in Table. The highest transformed total soluble solids (31.19) were recorded under the treatment 4 per cent foliar application of urea which was found statistically at par with 5 per cent and 3 per cent foliar application of urea having respective transformed total soluble solids of 30.98 and 30.81. The treatment T0 (control) showed lowest transformed total soluble solids (29.32). Similar results have been made earlier by Singh et al. (1979), Singh et al. (1994) and Gupta and Brahmachari (2004) in mango.
The maximum transformed acidity (3.66) was observed under the treatment T0 (control) while the minimum transformed acidity (3.39) was recorded under 4 per cent foliar application of urea. The present findings are found similar to those reported by Singh (1980) and Sharma (1990b) in mango.
The highest ascorbic acid (57.63 mg/100g) was recorded under the 4 per cent foliar application of urea which was statistically at par with 5 per cent foliar spray of urea having 57.22 mg/100 g pulp was noticed under control (T0). These findings are supported by the results of Singh et al. (1979), Sharma et al. (1990b) and Singh et al. (1994) in mango.
The maximum transformed reducing sugar (16.89) was observed under 4 per cent foliar application of urea while minimum transformed reducing sugar was recorded under control (15.47). These findings were also in conformity with those of Singh et al. (1981) and Ghosh and Chattopadhyay (1999) in mango.
References
Ghosh, S.N. and Chatopadhyay, N. 1999. Foliar application of urea on yield and physico-chemical composition of mango cv. Himsagar under rainfed condition. Horticulture Journal, 12(1) : 21-24.
Gupta, R.K. and Brahmachari, V.S. 2004. Effect of foliar application of urea, potassium nitrate and NAA on fruit retention, yield and quality of mango cv. Bombai, Journal of Horticulture, 32(2) : 7-9.
Sharma, B.P., Singh, S.B., Singh, D.C. and Singh, T.B. 1981. Effect of soil and foliar application of urea on the physico-chemical composition of mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Langra. Bangladesh Horticulture, 5(1) : 29-33.
Singh, A.R 1980. Effect of foliar sprays of nitrogen and growth regulators on nutritional status of mango trees. Punjab Horticultural Journals, 20(1-2) : 28-32.
Singh, J.N., Singh, D.K. and Chakravarty, D. 1994. Effect of urea and NAA on fruit retention and physico-chemical composition of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Langra. Orrisa Journal of Horticulture, 22(1/2) : 26-30.Singh, R.L., Singh, B. and Singh, R. 1979. Effects of foliar application of urea on the chemical composition of mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Langra. Plant Science, 11 : 94-95.
Hemant Kumar Panigrahi , Prabhakar Singh, Nasir Hamid Masoodi and Deepti Patel
Department of Horticulture
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.)
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of foliar application of urea on chemical composition of mango cv. Dashehari. The maximum total soluble solids, ascorbic acid and reducing sugar were observed under application of 4 per cent foliar spray of urea. However, acidity content of fruit was recorded minimum under the same treatment.
Keywords : Foliar application; Mango
Introduction :
Mango is one of the oldest and choicest fruit of India referred as “King of Fruits” for its high quality, platability, tempting aroma and flavour. Foliar feeding of plant is a fast and efficient means of fertilizing the plant since nutrients are applied directly to the site of their metabolism. Immediate correction of severe deficiencies is possible through foliar application of nutrients. The fertilizers are becoming costly input day by day. Use of foliar fertilizer is more economical because of foliar sprays are not subjected to losses as compare to soil application. It reduces the cost of production and provided manifold advantages. Hence, it is felt necessary to study the efficient use of this input. This can be achieved by adopting efficient use of foliar application method.
Keeping this in view the present study was taken up to the enhancing chemical composition to mango through foliar feeding of urea.
Materials and Methods
The present investigation to study the effect of foliar application of urea on chemical composition of mango cv. Dashehari was carried out on ten-year-old mango trees. A field experiment was carried out at Horticulture Research Farm, IGKV, Raipur during 2005-2006. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications each comprising of seven treatments such as T0 : Without application of urea (control); T1 : 1% foliar application of urea; T2 : 2% foliar application of urea; T3 : 3% foliar application of urea; T4 : 4% foliar application of urea; T5 : 5% foliar application of urea and T6 : 6% foliar application of urea.
The required amount of urea was thoroughly dissolved in required amount of water and soap powder was added as a spreader and sticker. Urea in different concentrations were sprayed at pea stage, when maximum fruit diameter was 0.5-1.0 cm. In all the treatments, solutions were sprayed on panicle/ fruit and foliage of tree.
The observations were recorded on chemical characters of fruit like total soluble solids, acidity, ascorbic acid and reducing sugar.
Table : Effect of foliar application of urea on chemical composition of mango cv. Dashehari
Treatment
Total soluble solids (%)
Acidity (%)
Ascorbic acid (mg/100 g)
Reducing sugar (%)
T0
*29.32a
*3.66d
44.44
*15.47a
(23.99)
(0.41)
(7.12)
T1
20.13ab
3.62cd
46.33
15.60b
(25.20)
(0.40)
(7.24)
T2
30.32bc
3.43ab
49.77
15.89c
(25.49)
(0.36)
(7.50)
T3
30.81bcd
3.57bcd
55.55
16.21d
(26.26)
(0.39)
(7.79)
T4
131.19d
3.39a
57.63
16.89f
(26.84)
(0.35)
(8.45)
T5
30.98cd
3.43ab
57.22
16.53e
(26.50)
(0.36)
(8.09)
T6
29.44a
3.48abc
46.16
15.55ab
(24.18)
(0.37)
(7.19)
SEm±
0.26
0.05
0.34
0.02
CD (5%)
0.82
0.16
1.07
0.08
1. The symbol ‘*’ indicates the mean arcsine transformed values
2. Figures in parenthesis () are inverse-transformed values in per cent unit, corresponding to the mean arcsine transformed values.
3. The superscript letter indicates that the treatment means with same letters are at par at 5% level of significance, while the mean with different letters are significantly different at 5% level. These letters have been affixed based on CD-value comparison of treatment means.
Results and Discussion
The chemical analysis of mango fruit in respect of total soluble solids, titrable acidity, ascorbic acid and reducing sugar are influenced by various treatments. The data regarding chemical composition of mango are presented in Table. The highest transformed total soluble solids (31.19) were recorded under the treatment 4 per cent foliar application of urea which was found statistically at par with 5 per cent and 3 per cent foliar application of urea having respective transformed total soluble solids of 30.98 and 30.81. The treatment T0 (control) showed lowest transformed total soluble solids (29.32). Similar results have been made earlier by Singh et al. (1979), Singh et al. (1994) and Gupta and Brahmachari (2004) in mango.
The maximum transformed acidity (3.66) was observed under the treatment T0 (control) while the minimum transformed acidity (3.39) was recorded under 4 per cent foliar application of urea. The present findings are found similar to those reported by Singh (1980) and Sharma (1990b) in mango.
The highest ascorbic acid (57.63 mg/100g) was recorded under the 4 per cent foliar application of urea which was statistically at par with 5 per cent foliar spray of urea having 57.22 mg/100 g pulp was noticed under control (T0). These findings are supported by the results of Singh et al. (1979), Sharma et al. (1990b) and Singh et al. (1994) in mango.
The maximum transformed reducing sugar (16.89) was observed under 4 per cent foliar application of urea while minimum transformed reducing sugar was recorded under control (15.47). These findings were also in conformity with those of Singh et al. (1981) and Ghosh and Chattopadhyay (1999) in mango.
References
Ghosh, S.N. and Chatopadhyay, N. 1999. Foliar application of urea on yield and physico-chemical composition of mango cv. Himsagar under rainfed condition. Horticulture Journal, 12(1) : 21-24.
Gupta, R.K. and Brahmachari, V.S. 2004. Effect of foliar application of urea, potassium nitrate and NAA on fruit retention, yield and quality of mango cv. Bombai, Journal of Horticulture, 32(2) : 7-9.
Sharma, B.P., Singh, S.B., Singh, D.C. and Singh, T.B. 1981. Effect of soil and foliar application of urea on the physico-chemical composition of mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Langra. Bangladesh Horticulture, 5(1) : 29-33.
Singh, A.R 1980. Effect of foliar sprays of nitrogen and growth regulators on nutritional status of mango trees. Punjab Horticultural Journals, 20(1-2) : 28-32.
Singh, J.N., Singh, D.K. and Chakravarty, D. 1994. Effect of urea and NAA on fruit retention and physico-chemical composition of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Langra. Orrisa Journal of Horticulture, 22(1/2) : 26-30.Singh, R.L., Singh, B. and Singh, R. 1979. Effects of foliar application of urea on the chemical composition of mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Langra. Plant Science, 11 : 94-95.
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